Cystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, drugs, how to cure cystitis

Among many urinary diseases, cystitis in women is the most common.The etiology is due to an inflammatory process that damages the upper mucosa of the bladder's inner wall.Sometimes the submucosa and muscle layer participate in the damage process, causing changes in the tissue structure of the organ and disrupting its functions.

Women are more likely to develop cystitis (up to 80% of all patients).This is due to the peculiarities of the female anatomical structure of the urethral canal.It is wider and shorter than the male urethra, so it does not pose a problem for infectious agents.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself in an acute or chronic form, with a variety of symptoms and signs.

Causes of cystitis

Cystitis itself belongs to the group of infectious diseases.Its origin is associated with bacterial carriers: coliform bacteria (70%), staphylococci and other bacteria.The main role in the appearance of cystitis in women is played by the spread of infection from possible lesions in the body:

• In the lower organs (various forms of vulvovaginitis);
• Descending passage with urine flow from foci of inflammation in the kidneys and upper part of the ureters;
• Hematopoiesis by pathogen promotion (through the bloodstream).

Most often, acute cystitis in women develops due to structural underdevelopment of the urinary system or cancerous tumors, creating obstacles to the normal excretion of urine, contributing to acute stagnation in the urinary system and the development of infection.

The development of pathology is influenced by various factors that contribute to a decrease in the overall resistance (resistance) of the immune system:

• Acute and chronic infectious diseases in history (previously acquired) - inflammation of the adnexa, fallopian tubes or ovaries, acute or purulent pyelonephritis, urethritis;
• Hypothermia and prolonged sedentary work;
• Conditions and diseases that reduce immune defenses (pregnancy and diabetes);
• foci of chronic infection - pharyngitis, rhinitis or tooth decay;
• Immunosuppressive drugs, stress and nervous system instability;
• Back injury;
• Having sex early;
• Neglect of hygiene;
• Age factor.

Types of cystitis and manifestations

Cystitis in women can manifest itself in many different forms due to changes in the morphology of the bladder cavity wall.

• Catarrhal pathology is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucosa of the organ membranes, provoked by the effects of the inflammatory process.
• In the hemorrhagic form, areas of bleeding damage appear on the mucous membrane.There is an increase in red blood cells and overall hematuria (dark or red urine).
• In the necrotic (ulcer) form, there are deep depressions in the form of grooves that penetrate into the muscle tissue of the membrane.
• The cystic form of the disease is characterized by protrusion of the mucosa, caused by the formation of cystic tubers under the mucous membrane, without changing the surface of the cavity.
• Filamentous appearance - the surface of the mucous layer is covered with a film of pus or fibrin of white or purple color.The bladder wall becomes inflamed, the upper lining of the cavity becomes denser and wrinkles appear.
• Bullous cystitis is characterized by persistent excessive redness and significant accumulation of infiltration (swelling) of the upper layer of the bladder's internal lining.
• Polyposis is characterized by a prolonged inflammatory process that stimulates the growth of polyps on the mucous layer and in the cervical region of the organ.
• In cystic pathology, under the mucous membrane of the bladder, single or group cystic tumors are formed, filled with lymphoid tissue and surrounded by transformed epithelium.
• This type of encrusting pathology is characterized by a long course.A characteristic symptom is the formation of phosphate deposits (calcifications) on the walls of the bladder cavity, which then contribute to stone formation.The conversion of carbamide (urea) to an alkaline substance occurs due to the error of bacterial microorganisms capable of metabolism.

Signs and symptoms of cystitis in women

Clear symptoms of cystitis and pronounced signs of the disease in women are observed in acute cases, accompanied by general intoxication (malaise, weakness, chills, vomiting or nausea, slight increase in temperature).

When the disease, after remission (clear recovery), relapses periodically (more than 2 times a year), it enters the chronic stage.Symptoms of chronic cystitis in women may be less pronounced.

Inflammatory processes alternate with periods of remission and acute clinical course.Cystitis in remission does not manifest external signs and symptoms.As the disease becomes more severe, many characteristic symptoms will appear:

1. Increased need to urinate (every 20 minutes);
2. Pain, burning and burning along the urethral tract during urination;
3. Pain in the suprapubic area (can be an independent symptom or accompanied by urinary discharge);
4. Urine has an unpleasant odor and is cloudy, with the formation of scabs, pus or blood clots in it;
5. Feeling of urine remaining in the urine bag;
6. Pain in the lumbar region and kidneys;
7. Bedwetting (urinary incontinence) may develop.

Chronic cystitis in womenThere are many different signs of the clinical progression of the disease.

• The underlying course is stable, with rare or frequent exacerbations.Symptoms are “eliminated” or completely absent.
• The persistent type is manifested by symptoms characteristic of chronic pathology.In this case, the functions of the urinal are not impaired.There may be alternating remissions and exacerbations, with signs of bleeding inside the organ.
• The interstitial process is characterized by stable painful manifestations with pronounced symptoms.There is spread of inflammation deep into the tissues, storage dysfunction (enuresis).This is the most severe type of disease.

If treated promptly, the disease can be cured quickly, otherwise complications cannot be avoided.

Potential for complications

Incorrect treatment or incorrect choice of therapy will lead to disease recurrence and complications:

1. The transition of inflammatory processes to the muscular structure of the bladder wall - the development of a type of interstitial pathology.
2. The increasing spread of infection, affecting the upper organs of the urinary system, contributes to the formation of associated underlying pathologies - damage to the renal pelvis, purulent nephritis, etc.
3. Intraperitoneal bladder rupture (not excluded) with subsequent formation of peritonitis.

Cystitis - which doctor should women contact?

If signs of the disease appear, you must consult a urologist to confirm the diagnosis.It is this doctor who deals with urological problems.

To eliminate the consequences of STDs, you need to consult a gynecologist.You may need a smear of the vaginal flora, which will help identify the disease and determine the stage of its development.

Diagnosis - determining the disease

To identify the disease, many different types of diagnostic tests are used, from rapid diagnosis to conventional testing methods, including:

• Check blood and urine parameters;
• Identify hidden inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
• Diagnosis of infectious diseases by PCR analysis;
• seeding the tank flora - detecting UPM (bacteria);
• identify hidden diseases - ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• Analyze vaginal physiological disorders;
• biopsy;
• endoscopic examination of the cavity inside the bladder (cystoscopy).

How to treat cystitis in women?- drugs and medicines

How quickly cystitis in women can be cured depends on the correctly drafted treatment regimen.Treatment tactics include various therapeutic techniques.

Drug treatment involves the prescription of appropriate antibiotics for chronic cystitis in women to prevent concomitant infections - a group of cephalosporins and a combination of protected penicillins.

They are prescribed immediately, without waiting to identify the pathogen, and then adjust the medication.

The main treatment is pills.When treating cystitis in women, medications are prescribed to relieve symptoms.These include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, antispasmodics and sedatives based on nitrofurans and sulfonamides.As a complementary treatment, antispasmodics and natural urological agents (herbs, herbs, etc.) may be prescribed.

Specific medications are prescribed completely individually.Since many of them have a number of contraindications and restrictions on use.Treatment will be complete if you follow a gentle treatment regimen and a balanced diet, as diet plays an important role.

• need to drink more fluids (water, juice);
• Many foods contain vitamin C;
• exclude from the diet smoked meats, spices, fried foods, dishes rich in potassium (dishes made from cheese, cottage cheese and milk);
• Alcohol is not allowed.

Measures to prevent cystitis

To prevent the disease from recurring, you should strictly follow your doctor's recommendations.Basic rules:

• Avoid hypothermia and prolonged sitting;
• Consumes up to 1.5 liters.fluids every day;
• avoid urinary retention (not tolerating the urge);
• During intimacy, use protective methods;
• Don't neglect personal hygiene (especially during your menstrual cycle).

Following these simple rules will protect you from retreatment.